四、练习答案

Text I

Text comprehension

I. Decide which of the following best states the author’s purpose of writing。

答案D。文章首段第一句说到：“对付艾滋病可以增强友谊，增进情感交流，促进人们成长”。这是全文的中心思想。全文叙述的是作者如何照顾他患艾滋病的朋友，如何关心他，尽量抽时间陪他，直到文末，都是为了告诉读者这个思想。

II. Judge according to the text, whether the following statements are true or false.

1．T. Refer to Paragraph 1.

2．T. Refer to Paragraph 2.

3．F. This statement is not true, for it is suggested in Paragraph 2 that the author didn’t believe it and said it was a sick joke.

4．T. Refer to Paragraph 4.

5．F. This is a false statement since he went on holiday only for the sake of his mother and what he worried about most is David’s health.

III. Answer the following questions,

1．Refer to Paragraph 2. He thought that they were both just growing up and that David had his new friends from his own class.

2．Refer to Paragraph 2. Because David knew he was dying of AIDS.

3．Refer to Paragraph 3. The unprotected sex caused it.

4．Refer to Paragraph 4. He realized that their friendship meant everything to them.

5．Refer to Paragraph 4. Yes, he did. Because most of his friends didn’t come too close in fear that they would catch the disease.

6．Refer to Paragraph 7. He was put in hospital on the second of May l996.

7．Refer to Paragraph 9. Because he knew that it wouldn’t be long before David was gone forever.

8．Refer to Paragraph 8. Because by so doing he could keep David’s memory alive.

IV. Explain in your own words the following sentences taken from the text.

1．David and l were so strong that we couldn’t believe we would be attacked by any disease before the word AIDS appeared in my life.

2．We didn’t spend as much time together as before.

3．I asked him face to face to explain why we were not friends any more.

4．I couldn’t go away from him when he needed me badly.

5．1 was unable to control my bursting emotions any more.

Structural analysis of the text

1．The narrative story is organized by arranging in the chronological order the activities and events related in the true story.

2．The ending part is related to the beginning in the following aspects: （1）The first sentence in the beginning points out the good effect of dealing with AIDS, and the last two sentences in the conclusion illustrate the point. （2）In the beginning, the specific date is given when the word AIDS came into the writer’s life, i.e. when he got to know that his best friend David came down with AIDS, and in the conclusion the actual date is made clear that marked the end of David’s life. （3）The beginning draws the reader’s attention to the fact that the writer had been the most carefree person in the world before his friend caught AIDS, while the concluding part says that having done so much, he is no longer that carefree teenager, being busy in educating people about AIDS.

3．The first person narration shows a number of advantages. Firstly, the first person narration makes it easier or more convenient for the writer to insert his feelings and describe his psychological activities. Secondly, as the story is told in the first person narration, the activities and events narrated are treated as personal experiences of the writer’s, and therefore, they are more believable. Thirdly, the first person narration seems to make what is related and described more vivid, more specific, and more thought-provoking because the writer tells you directly his unforgettable personal experiences, which are more likely to arouse your emotion.

Vocabulary

I. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.

1．having a very enjoyable and exciting time

2．disconnected and refused to take my phone call

3．go away from him or refuse to be with him

4．didn’t give up or endured being with him although this was unpleasant

5．experience so much pain and stress

6．endure all the hard experience by myself

II. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the box in its appropriate form.

III. Choose a word or phrase that best completes each of the following sentences.

IV. Fill in each blank with one of the two words from each pair and note the difference of meaning between them.

1．Careless is used when people do not pay enough attention to what they are doing, so they make mistakes, or cause harm or damage, while carefree refers to a person or a period of time that does not involve any problems, worries, or responsibilities.

2．Both words can refer to suffering from a disease or a health problem. In this sense, sick can often be used as attributive in front of a noun. When ill is used as attributive, it often refers to something harmful or unpleasant. Sick can also mean “going to vomit, ”so it can be confusing to say “I’m sick. ”Sick is sometimes used to talk about a dislike from too much of something.

3．Disease refers to any kind of bad health or is an illness that affects people, animals or plants. It does not have any implications as to whether the sickness is acute or chronic, mild or harsh, or long or short in duration. Plague specifically refers to a very infectious disease that spreads quickly over a wide area and kills large numbers of people.

4．keep, among. its many different uses, can mean “to cause something or somebody to continue to do something, ’’or “to have without the need of returning.” Maintain means “to continue to have something and do not let it stop or grow weaker,” or “to keep something in good condition by regularly checking it and repairing it when necessary. ”

V. Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.

VI. Fill in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate form of the given capitalized word in brackets.

1．Let’s go for a picnic tomorrow unless the weather forecast is unfavorable.

2．A successful business needs good organization.

3．The ring was not at all valuable；in fact, it was almost worthless.

4．Your job will be to see that no imperfect product leaves this part of the factory.

5．The floor of the attic needs strengthening if we’re going to make it into a bedroom.

6．He is ashamed of what he has done.

7．She expressed her gratefulness to me by inviting me to dinner.

8．In youth, he showed great promise, but finally he turned out mediocre.

Grammar

I. Put in any, each, all, every, some or one of their compounds.

II. Explain the underlined words and phrases.

1．a kind of earnestness, graveness

2．a kind of great love and affection

3．a source of joy and delight

4．part of a sea or river

5．a kind of enthusiasm, fervor, earnestness

6．a large variety of teas

7．something distracting someone

8．something that disappoints someone

III. Choose the best answer.

IV. Insert suitable prepositions in the following sentences.

V. Correct the errors, where found, in the following sentences.

VI. Make sentences of your own after the sentence given below. using the pattern It/There ＋ be ＋ no use （in） doing sth.

1．It is no use regretting at what you have done.

2．It is no use mending the machine that has broken into pieces.

Translation

I. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.

1．我们在不同的班，所以我们不像以前那么频繁一起出去玩了。

2．人们看见他都避开他，就像他得了瘟疫一样，我们学校的朋友都不想和他有任何联系。

3．他们这样对待我是因为青少年还不习惯应对这样的情况，不知道如何作出反应。

4．五月底时，他已经病得很严重了，医生们不得不把用塑料罩子罩住他，这样他就不会感染上我们身上的有害病菌了。

II. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases given in brackets.

1．It is a systematic attempt to strengthen our competitive ability.

2．The police in this district know where the thieves hang out.

3．The agreements signed will break down all the barriers to free trade.

4．It was a very difficult situation, but he handled it quite successfully.

5．He is my best friend. I just can’t turn my back on him now that he needs my help.

6．So long as you work hard, you are bound to succeed and realize your ambition sooner or later.

7．Although he hates the job, yet he is determined to stick it out because he needs the money to support his family.

8．That cancer patient kept an optimistic attitude towards his disease, persisted in combating it, and conquered it in the end.

9．This university has a staff of more than 2000, including about 150 professors and over 500 associate professors.

10．The concert was held to mark the 75th anniversary of the composer’s death.

Exercises for integrated skills

I. Dictation

One of the world’s most deadly health problems/is spreading to new places. /The problem is heart disease/and it is affecting more and more people/in developing nations. /For years/heart disease has been the number one cause of death/in most industrial nations. /The heart disease has claimed more lives/than cancer or accidents. /Now the WHO has warned/that heart disease is increasing rapidly/in almost every developing nation. /Why is this happening? /One reason is/that people in developing nations/are living longer. /Another reason is/that many people have changed the way they live. /They now eat more fat and salt/and fewer fruits and vegetables./

II. Fill in each blank in tile passage below with ONE word you think appropriate.

Writing

Combine the following sentences with appropriate correlative conjunctions.

1．Violence as a way of achieving racial justice is both impractical and immoral.

2．Those who would give up essential liberty to purchase a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety.

3．The man of knowledge must not only be able to love his enemies but also be able to hate his friends.

4．Education is not the filling of a pail but the lighting of a fire.

5．You can decide whether to stay in the shallow end of the pool or to go out in the ocean.

6．Whether you win or lose this race doesn’t matter.

7．The one who criticizes you more is not you enemy but your friend.

8．You can not only wait for the opportunities to come but also find opportunities yourself

9．Bureaucrats write memos not only because they appear to be busy when they are writing but because the memos, once written, immediately become proof that they were busy as well.

10．Neither underestimate the power to change yourself nor overestimate your power to change others.

Listening

TRANSCRIPT

Telephone Messages

R=Receptionist P=Patient

Call l

R: Hello. Dr. Robinson’s practice. Can I help you?

P: Yes, please. I hope so. I’m phoning about my son, Robert. He’s got a high temperature, he’s really very hot and he’s got large spots on his neck and tummy. What should I do?

R: I’11 ask the doctor to call you back. But first of all, could you give me your address?

P: Yes, it’s Flat 6,208 Rosecrofi Terrace, Shenley.

R: And your phone number?

P: It’s 22607.

R: And your name?

P: Mary Walliser. That’s W—A-double L—I—S-E-R.

R: Right. The doctor will call you back as soon as he can.

Call 2

R: Hello. Dr. Robinson’s practice. Can I help you?

P: Yes. My name’s Harry James. I’ve been with the doctor for years.

R: Yes. Mr. James. What’s your problem?

P: It’s my arm. It’s swollen. I think it’s broken. You see, 1 was putting the kettle on and I slipped on the floor in the kitchen.

R: Yes, I see. What’s your address, Mr. James?

P: It’s Holly Trees, 17 London Road, Hastings.

R: And do you have a phone there?

P: N0, I don’t. I’m calling from my sister’s.

R: What’s her phone number?

P: Hastings 85924.

R: And will you be staying at your sister’s?

P: Yes. The doctor can ring me here.

R: Right. He’ll be in touch with you very soon.

Call 3

R: Hello. Dr. Robinson’s practice. Can I help you?

P: Yes, yes. It’s my wife. I want to speak to the doctor.

R: I’m afraid Dr. Robinson is not available at the moment. If you give me the details, I’11 ask him to ring you.

P: Yes, yes, it’s my wife. I think she’s had a heart attack. She can’t move. She’s got a pain in her chest. She can’t speak.

R: I think you’d better ring 999 and get an ambulance immediately. But tell me your name first.

P: It’s Jones. My wife’s May Jones. We live at 16 Hamilton Drive. Shenley.

R: And your phone number?

P: We aren’t on the phone. I’m calling from a phone box.

R: Well, Mr. Jones. Ring for an ambulance, and I’ll let the doctor know the situation.

P: Yes, thank you, thank you.

Key to listening exercises

Text II

Key to questions for discussion

1．The system is responsible for fighting disease-causing substances that have entered the body.

2．The disease is spreading quickly and anyone can be at risk.

3．It destroys central white blood cells that are essential for human immune system.

4．Some people may act as carriers, remaining healthy but still able to infect others. The average time for AIDS to fully manifest itself is one to two years.

5．An infection that normally does not cause diseases but produces devastating and eventually lethal diseases when the body’s immune system is impaired and unable to fight off infection, as in AIDS and certain other diseases.

6．Scientists have identified three ways that HIV infections spread: sexual intercourse with an infected person, contact with contaminated blood, and transmission from an infected mother to her child before or during birth or through breastfeeding.

7．The health care worker who performs a medical procedure in which a part of the body is entered. as by puncture or incision is more likely to contract the disease.

8．（This is an open question and for the students to answer.）