Unit 5

一、词汇短语

Text I

1．motto [5mCtEu] n. a short sentence or a few words taken as the guiding principle of a person, of a school, of an organization, etc.箴言，格言，座右铭：The motto of the university is “Freedom of thought and coexistence of different doctrines.”这所大学的校训是：思想自由，学术共存。

2．demonstrate [5demEnstreit] v. a） prove or make clear a fact, esp. by reasoning or providing examples论证，证明：Galileo demonstrated that objects of different weights fall at the same speed.伽利略论证了不同重量的物体以相同速度下落。b） show or describe clearly演示，说明：The first-aid instructor demonstrated the correct way to bandage a wound.急救指导人员演示了包扎伤口的正确方法。

3．integrity [in5te^riti] n. a）strength and firmness of character or principle; honesty or trustworthiness正直，诚实：He is respected and admired as a man of the greatest integrity.他是一位很诚实的人，受人尊敬和爱戴。b） a state of being whole and undivided; completeness完整，完全，完善：Our integrity as a nation is threatened by the separatist forces at home and foreign intervention.我国的团结统一受到海内外分裂势力的威胁。

4．morality [mR5rAliti] n. rightness or honesty of behavior, of an action, etc. 道德：One sometimes wonders if there is any morality in politics.人们经常怀疑政治当中是否有道德可言。

5．ethics [5eWiks] n. a） the science that deals with morals伦理学：He decided to study ethics as his second major.他决定将伦理学作为他的第二专业。b） moral rules or principles of behavior governing a person or group道德规范，道德体系：Whether a country should have nuclear weapons or not should be a question of ethics, not of politics.一国是否应该拥有核武器不是一个政治问题，而是道德体系内的问题。

6．sell out: a） sell all of what was for sale售完，卖完：All the tickets for the match were completely sold out.这场比赛的票已经全部售完。b） be disloyal or unfaithful to one’s principle or friends, esp. for money背叛，出卖：He was a good writer, but he sold out and now just writes for money.他曾是一位好作家，但后来背弃了自己的原则，只为钱而写作。

7．expediency [ik5spi:diEnsi] n. being useful or helpful for a purpose, esp. one’s own purpose or advantage, although not necessarily morally correct权宜之计，适宜，方便，权术：The government is torn between principle and expediency.政府在原则和权宜之间难以抉择。

8．at hand: near in time or place在手边，在附近，即将来临：Soon school will end and the vacation will be at hand.学期快结束了，假期即将到来。

9．inner [5inE] adj. a） on the inside or close to the middle内部的，里面的：The inner wrapping of the commodity is also pleasant to look at.商品的内部包装也令人赏心悦目。b） close to the centre of control接近中心的：The Prime Minister often turns to the inner circle of the Cabinet for advice.首相经常求助于内阁的核心集团征求意见。c） of the mind or spirit内心的：His material life is very good, but his inner life is very poor.他的物质生活很丰腴，而精神生活很贫瘠。

10．principle [5prinsEpl] n. a） a truth or belief that is accepted as a base for reasoning or action原理，原则：One of the principles of this dictionary is that definitions should be in simple language.编写字典的原则之一是释义必须使用简单的语言。b） a moral rule or set of ideas which guides one’s behavior操守，道义，观念：I usually follow the principle that it is better not to get involved in other people’s quarrels.我通常遵守这样的信条：最好不要介入到他人的争吵之中。

11．stand for: a） be a sign or short form of; represent; mean代表：Our party stands for the interest of the broad masses of the people.我们的政党代表广泛人民的利益。b） allow to continue; accept without complaining容忍，容许：I wouldn’t stand for that sort of treatment if I were you.如果我是你，我就忍受不了那种待遇。c） have as a set of aims or principle; support拥护：Even today those people still stand for serfdom in Tibet.直到今天那些人依然支持西藏的农奴制度。

12．conviction [kEn5vikFEn] n. a very firm and sincere belief坚定，坚定的信念：He said he wasn’t frightened, but his voice lacked conviction.他说他不怕，但他的声音听起来并不那么坚定。

13．surgical [5sE:dVikEl] adj. of or used for surgery外科的，外科手术的：He performs surgical operations at the Red Cross Hospital.他在红十字会医院做外科手术。

14．ensure [in5FuE] v. make sth certain to happen保证，确保：How can you ensure that your diet contains enough of the vitamins you need?你怎样才能确保饮食中包含了自己所需的足够的娥维生素呢？

15．abdominal [Ab5dCminl] adj. of a main part of the front of the body in animals, between the chest and legs, containing the stomach, bowels, etc.; of the belly腹部的：That middle-aged man received an abdominal operation, which lasted two hours.那个中年男人接受了两个小时的腹部手术。

16．sponge [spQndV] n. a） a type of simple sea creature that does not move but grows a spreading rubber-like frame full of small holes海绵动物：Sponges can grow up to a very considerable size.海绵动物可以长的非常大。b） a piece of a sponge, or of a similar artificial substance made from rubber, which can suck up and hold water and is usually used for washing海绵：We have a mop made of sponge, which soaks up much water.我们有一个海绵质地的拖把，能吸收很多水。

17．rookie [5rJki] n. sb who is new to and has no experience of an activity, esp. a new soldier or policeman.新成员，新手：She is a rookie nurse; she is very careful with her job.她是一位新护士，对待工作很认真。

18．credit [5kredit] n. a） a system of buying goods or services and paying for them later赊购，赊购制度：This store does not give credit.本店概不赊欠。b） belief or trust in the truth or rightness of something相信，信任：Do you place any credit in the government’s story? 你相信政府的说法吗？c） public approval or praise given to sb because of sth he has done赞扬，荣誉，功劳：That scientist was given no credit for his invention.那位科学家并没有因为他的发明而受到任何赞扬。

19．rightfully [5raitfuli] adv. in accordance with what is just right or legally correct正直地，正当地，按理由地：The legacy is rightfully yours, she always intended you to have it.那遗产理应是你的，她一直想让你拥有它。

20．appoint [E5pCint] v. a） choose for a position or job任命，委派：They have appointed him chairman of the board of directors.他被任命为董事会会长。b） arrange or decide （esp. a time or place when something will happen）安排，确定（时间，地点）：The committee has appointed a day in July for your case to be heard.委员会指定了七月的一天来审理你的案子。

21．dwarf [dwC:f] n. a person, animal or plant of much less than the usual size矮子，侏儒：There is a funny, silly dwarf in the film.电影里有一个搞笑愚蠢的矮子。

22．giant [5dVaiEnt] n. a） a person who is much bigger and taller than average people高大的人，巨人：A basketball team usually has several giants.一个篮球队中通常由7个巨人组成。b） a person of great ability伟人，卓越的人：Shakespeare is a giant among writers.莎士比亚是作家中的巨擘。

23．external [eks5tE:nl] adj. a） on, of, or from the outside外围的，外部的：The external layer of skin is called epidermis.皮肤的外层叫做表皮。b） that can be seen but not natural or real外观的，表面的：He is actually very shy, despite external appearances.实际上他非常害羞，并不像表面上所展示的那样。

24．status [5steitEs] n. a） one’s legal position or condition法律地位，状况：Please state your name, age and marital status.请陈述你的姓名，年龄和婚姻状况。b） one’s social or professional rank or position, considered in relation to other people; high social position; recognition and respect by other people高级职位，社会上层地位：They think owing such an expensive car will give them status.他们认为拥有这样昂贵的轿车能给他们带来高的社会地位。

25．inevitably [in5evitEbli] adv. being certain to happen; unavoidably必然的，难以避免的：A war between the two nations will break out almost inevitably.两国之间将爆发战争，这几乎是不可避免的了。

26．preserve [pri5zE:v] v. a） prevent sb or sth from being harmed or destroyed保存，防腐，保藏：The ancient Egyptians knew ways to preserve dead bodies from decay.古埃及人懂得保存尸体，使其不易腐烂的方法。b） cause a condition to last; to keep unchanged保持，维持：It is the duty of the police to preserve public order.警察的职责是维护公共秩序。

27．facade [fE5sB:d] n. a） the front of a building, esp. of a grand building房屋的正面：The façade of the Grand Theatre is very attractive.大剧院的正面很壮观。b） an appearance, esp. one that is false假象；外观，表面：Though they put up a façade of honesty, they are involved in criminal activities.表面上他们带着正直的假面具，私底下却进行着违法活动。

28．cover-up n. an attempt to prevent something dishonorable or criminal from becoming publicly known掩饰，掩盖：His cover-up of his criminal activities proved futile.他对自己犯罪活动的掩饰被证明是无用的。

29．conscience [5kCnFEns] n. an inner sense that is conscious of the moral rightness or wrongness of one’s behavior or intentions, and makes one know whether one is doing right良心：I had a guilty conscience about not telling him the truth.我因为没有告诉他事实真相而感到内疚。

30．succumb to: a） stop opposing; to give in屈服：They held out for some hours in the face of our persuasive offers, but eventually they succumbed.面对我们具有说服力的提议，他们反对了许久，但最终屈服了。b） die because of由于…而死去：He finally succumbed to the illness.他最终因病去世。

31．seductive [si5dQktiv] adj. attractive or charming具有诱惑力的，有吸引力的：The company has a seductive offer of higher pay.该公司开出了具有吸引力的高薪。

Text II

1．discover [dis5kQvE] v. to find sth or sb发现，找到某物或某人：When returning back, she discovered the room to be in disorder.回家后，她发现屋子乱七八糟。

2．explore [iks5plC:] v. to travel around an area or a country in order to learn about it勘探，勘察，考察：Architects began to explore ways of creating buildings by using the latest technology.建筑师开始探索利用最新科技建造房屋的方法。

3．scent [sent] n. a） the smell that sb or sth leaves behind某人或某物留下的香味：The wind came down with the scent of grass and wild flowers.微风送来阵阵青草和野花的香气。b） the feeling that sth is present or is going to happen very soon觉察，预感：The scent of victory was in the air.胜利在望。

4．thirst [WE:st] n. a） the feeling of needing or wanting a drink口渴，干渴：He quenched his thirst with a long drink of cold water.他一口气喝了好多冷水解渴。b） a strong desire for sth渴望，渴求：The young man has a great thirst for knowledge.这位年轻人有如饥似渴的求知欲。

5．contaminate [kEn5tAmineit] v. a） to make a substance or place dirty or no longer pure by adding a substance that is dangerous or carries disease污染，弄脏：The drinking water has been contaminated with lead.饮用水被铅污染了。b） to influence people’s ideas or attitude in a bad way玷污，毒害，腐蚀人的思想或品德：They were accused of contaminating the minds of our young people.他们被指控毒害我们强少年的心灵。

6．aware [E5wZE] v. a） knowing or realizing sth知道，意识到：I don’t think people are really aware of just how much it costs.我认为人们并不明白这要花多少钱。b） noticing that something is present, or that sth is happening觉察到，发觉：They suddenly became aware of people looking at them.他们突然意识到人们正在瞧着他们。

7．imitation [imi5teiFEn] n. a） the act of copying sb or sth模仿，仿效：Young children learn how to speak by imitation.小孩子通过模仿学说话。b） a copy of sth, esp. sth expensive仿制品，赝品：It’s not real leather, but only imitation.那不是真皮，只是仿制品。

8．unknowing [Qn5nEuiN] adj. not aware of what you are doing or what is happening没注意到的，未察觉的，无知的：Many women are unknowing fashion victims.很多女人都是无知的时尚受害者。

9．carve [kB:v] v. a） to make objects, patterns by cutting away material from wood or stone雕刻：The statue is carved out of a single piece of stone.这座雕像是用一整块石料雕成的。b） to work hard in order to have successful career, reputation, etc.艰苦创业，奋斗取得（事业，名声等）：She has carved a place for herself in the fashion world.她靠奋斗已在时装界谋得一席之地。