第1篇 电气工程图基础知识
第1章 常用电气图形符号和文字符号
1.1 常用电气图形符号
1.1.1 常用符号要素、限定符号和其他常用图形符号
(1)轮廓和外壳(见表1-1)
表1-1 轮廓和外壳
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/15_01.jpg?sign=1739524134-ViiQpkuLqTOngJbThDsOvNQYhlvBP6wr-0-d26103dca474f1f29a6bc508d91ea0b6)
(2)电流和电压的种类(见表1-2)
表1-2 电流和电压的种类
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/15_02.jpg?sign=1739524134-N62vyECuovFh09bniP8xqLpGdBNz0KE0-0-d58d4e7259b0afc54c3cfa6571a79fe5)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/16_01.jpg?sign=1739524134-HqvqlrJpnT46wkTbWvgrw54SmfS919ac-0-f6698426d903e946c7c926899ded3a66)
(3)接地、接机壳和等电位(见表1-3)
表1-3 接地、接机壳和等电位
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/16_02.jpg?sign=1739524134-AYRfSILTIWpaSyEBO12jrBFiPbYWNjMC-0-8351ced578d34efc853faef4325a250f)
(4)理想电路元件(见表1-4)
表1-4 理想电路元件
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/16_03.jpg?sign=1739524134-wFzwqQ6XSgme6WpGLa7q5dF2vQtyYzpd-0-3168a6ab54af2b99de80cf213506c833)
(5)其他常用符号(见表1-5)
表1-5 其他常用符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/17_01.jpg?sign=1739524134-lxHfdo5U9oci39vmgQDQQJFrfp46OV4g-0-ae4d5dd7bd16cfaf9adfdf5d1c1fcf7a)
1.1.2 常用导线及连接器件图形符号
常用导线及连接器件图形符号见表1-6。
表1-6 常用导线及连接器件图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/17_02.jpg?sign=1739524134-bCj9XVcWY1vZJy3pvQZtfofdCjrMfWqw-0-c7fc53b4aa86af3d4dcf695568382975)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/18_01.jpg?sign=1739524134-QWqAUvSwFSxowaSbSWj4s9V2X31EPThL-0-01489933e01db4b15f8c763499d8df08)
1.1.3 常用电阻器、电容器和电感器图形符号
(1)常用电阻器图形符号(见表1-7)
表1-7 常用电阻器图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/18_02.jpg?sign=1739524134-L5Hnb2PBIyTvfxYbO3HItWQQLgYgQ50j-0-b4f7a8677ef4f37c8b4a36abb55ae5be)
(2)常用电容器图形符号(见表1-8)
表1-8 常用电容器图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/19_01.jpg?sign=1739524134-bNBQbHXwuLAykld6Aa3l6dLVt2wUJ6y6-0-d58bf9f499c20f8dceddec161a976343)
(3)常用电感器图形符号(见表1-9)
表1-9 常用电感器图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/19_02.jpg?sign=1739524134-qjTjsizDZejPzbHhzLbvEkmuI33vFl4x-0-8844c28299f75b61a841646c28b5e25d)
1.1.4 常用变压器图形符号
常用变压器图形符号见表1-10。
表1-10 常用变压器图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/20_01.jpg?sign=1739524134-YLsfuPUal4jZydicIQ9yyMkXcVcsC5EB-0-a167c6f8ff67683ca24c4eca85c05246)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/21_01.jpg?sign=1739524134-M4UQtGPKVh042xkg8DxlmtxKgGxCtuIg-0-3e0f6ccf622eaed2e35b5935cdd5847e)
1.1.5 常用电机图形符号
常用电机图形符号见表1-11。
表1-11 常用电机图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/22_01.jpg?sign=1739524134-ioqh9iCA2CTiSL0OGYMIpvLHypZWx5jx-0-da7b0ffb71dfad16f5a31a7709536548)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/23_01.jpg?sign=1739524134-ZHBS1qHkNnFP1EMBvPCyd1ice5fRN1sn-0-ffa7e4e2f3d8e31c92a6cdc50d6e7b3e)
1.1.6 常用开关、控制和保护装置图形符号
常用开关、控制和保护装置图形符号见表1-12。
表1-12 常用开关、控制和保护装置图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/23_02.jpg?sign=1739524134-3iJADcLbmg0di4EIExYLNR9vHWmOqsR8-0-af94f7a6c2707d8cc5586e57b83b6682)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/24_01.jpg?sign=1739524134-ETQjWbBXBEjs3dvNf5MGj3wiwrrcUF35-0-03bdcbb3a59d312ae6ba51a50bd13e61)
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![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/25_01.jpg?sign=1739524134-tpfIWW1WGg7aewGPZCpjGmQ0JNae4YHN-0-0bac933024c619d0de760a5fdc334927)
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![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/26_01.jpg?sign=1739524134-Gh5nZyEjizcnPTcydDLOz5xXl6t7C39y-0-c3ab2e141712c0f748d66ea754ef25a1)
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![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/27_01.jpg?sign=1739524134-7MM9tqgqMWGqsqCDeM4rERl9maIqsnDw-0-932a504017cb4d546cb9e124801ddec5)
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![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/28_01.jpg?sign=1739524134-XpNJpaCba8NjgMxHk3muqlaTWlnU6QoG-0-8ead089a1da366847d915a34cedeff3e)
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![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/29_01.jpg?sign=1739524134-3kRTUnUFbDutsxAmwdebCTSb6d1CY6St-0-2902c8ab70d99472fc9606011fc89312)
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![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/30_01.jpg?sign=1739524134-ArtLwQjLKpNE9Gnv6UHTTxAxVLEPPOR5-0-83300179934c324cb8bdb64032990c8a)
1.1.7 常用半导体器件图形符号
(1)二极管图形符号(见表1-13)
表1-13 常用二极管图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/30_02.jpg?sign=1739524134-sV4RMIrolkjHcF5ujSV0BMSC14TJ2IRi-0-b94e06b417d8a4a5f4224cd91f8a4a1e)
(2)晶闸管图形符号(见表1-14)
表1-14 晶闸管图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/30_03.jpg?sign=1739524134-SioB6B2LWb2xtpaxWtktGA0K1Qpzjnsb-0-e0c261a9d6f3e3bc1a3abea4e8cca70f)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/31_01.jpg?sign=1739524134-UpBMVElX0lPfkPnnyU0kzJYpBPZSa8qG-0-a78a73d4cbb6dad108aa94b3d6b40b56)
(3)晶体管图形符号(见表1-15)
表1-15 晶体管图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/31_02.jpg?sign=1739524134-Hxmv5s2jxaFMNYwETqlm4gQwHXtRTgOt-0-3870de2d48b5588119257ee4a30a167b)
(4)光电子、光敏和磁敏器件图形符号(见表1-16)
表1-16 光电子、光敏和磁敏器件图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/32_01.jpg?sign=1739524134-gVU3Mjgf3dXsOQVrOIdzYaDW1nSWcwur-0-18b2e18c43a45f17e0cc55b3fd8eadff)
1.1.8 整流器、逆变器和蓄电池图形符号
整流器、逆变器和蓄电池图形符号见表1-17。
表1-17 整流器、逆变器和蓄电池图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/32_02.jpg?sign=1739524134-ZXocM6o4hB0xIgBzQN6xf7bbGXm0d0EA-0-358931ac1016b157f8c1ced03d698949)
1.1.9 测量仪表、灯和信号器件图形符号
测量仪表、灯和信号器件图形符号见表1-18。
表1-18 测量仪表、灯和信号器件图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/33_01.jpg?sign=1739524134-Fmgsx2EjAgYnBTjDMFu6E8R6xdJjWDHm-0-9666c7d3275e6408705ab85a19c6dac7)
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![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/34_01.jpg?sign=1739524134-fn24WKQpO5c0imo1vwxyRpuOEVP6b3nZ-0-74b5e1831d03e8a928daaf989592e4ba)
1.1.10 电气系统图主要电气设备图形符号
电气系统图主要电气设备图形符号见表1-19。
表1-19 电气系统图主要电气设备图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/34_02.jpg?sign=1739524134-UTvzx6H8BbniUwS3aDh5gJwoEiCMOo2s-0-8787435c1c4c97bbb882a74b9a8aafc6)
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![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/35_01.jpg?sign=1739524134-VpvROEy3Ju2RmivRXAXqmHvv09Tzp3Fn-0-6e988567366b0d138c94da5cdbdd9625)
1.1.11 电气图形符号的取向规则
电气图形符号的取向规则见表1-20。
表1-20 电气图形符号的取向规则
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/35_02.jpg?sign=1739524134-qpetCn3GNeBZnkqaasN6y43fI7XKi0Fe-0-8e149e5a52c872882979b2419a442efd)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/36_01.jpg?sign=1739524134-EQm6GgCLCZTmMJHeT3RCBradHFsRqt7b-0-b064da347d2f43f9146490cb6f1e7eb0)